Iran’s approach to regional affairs presents a labyrinthine network of interests, ideologies, and institutional players, posing a formidable puzzle for both analysts and policymakers seeking to unravel its true intentions. Within this intricate tapestry of diplomatic engagements, conflicting positions and a dearth of cohesive direction are prevalent, illuminating the dual nature of Tehran’s strategy—simultaneously showcasing its strengths in maneuverability while exposing vulnerabilities in clarity and coherence.

At the heart of Iran’s diplomatic complexity lies a plurality of institutional actors, each with its own agenda and sphere of influence. From the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the office of the supreme leader, and from the Revolutionary Guards to the presidency, these entities often present divergent views on key regional issues, leaving observers puzzled as to the official Iranian stance. This ambiguity serves Iran’s interests well, particularly in its pursuit of a strategy of destabilization, where plausible deniability becomes a potent tool to confuse adversaries and evade accountability for its actions.

However, this diplomatic ambiguity presents formidable hurdles, particularly as Iran endeavors to reestablish itself within the regional framework. In the wake of the March 2023 Iran-Saudi rapprochement agreement, Tehran stands at a critical juncture, grappling........

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