It is unacceptable that over half of Pakistan’s population lacks access to the internet. The figure comes from the Planning Commission and the United Nations’ recently released Digital Development Index report, which highlights the strong correlation between digital transformation and human development. The need for improved access is underscored by findings that districts which perform better on digital transformation are also among the better-performing areas in terms of human development. It is also worth noting that lack of access to the internet affects not only individuals, but also the country’s overall development. Pakistan has a low Human Development Index rank of 164 out of 193 countries, coupled with a Gender Inequality Index position of 135 out of 166 countries.

However, while it is imperative that internet access is made available to all citizens to ensure they have access to vital services and information, several hurdles still need to be overcome before we reach this goal. Wealth, unsurprisingly, is a factor, as the wealthiest 20% of Pakistanis have 15-fold greater digital development than the poorest 20%. But while the role of wealth can lead to a chicken-or-egg debate, there are a few factors where the root cause and workable solutions are right in front of us. Infrastructure is an area where work is being done, but much more is needed. The same applies to making low-cost smartphones and computers available while also spreading internet literacy so that those with access understand the internet is much bigger than TikTok or Facebook.

Access to the internet, according to the UN’s report, is also restricted due to cultural and societal norms, with women especially being underserved by digital development. The report says 83.5% of women claim their spouse or parents dictate their phone ownership, which makes a mockery out of any efforts to bridge the digital divide and bring about equality or inclusive development. Without addressing women’s access to the internet — and on a separate note, their online security — Pakistan will never be able to fulfil its digital development potential.

The government’s commitment to harnessing the benefits of technological innovation to improve livelihood prospects, accelerate financial inclusion, improve employment and deliver efficient public services is commendable. However, more needs to be done to ensure that all citizens have access to the internet, regardless of socioeconomic status or gender.

Published in The Express Tribune, April 26th, 2024.

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