Pakistan with a rich history and a complex political landscape has been plagued by recurring episodes of political instability since its inception. Pakistan emerged as a separate nation in 1947 following the partition of British India. Its early years were marked by political turmoil with the death of Quaid-i-Azam in 1948 and the assassination of the country’s first prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951.

The nascent state struggled to establish stable political institutions, and this vulnerability laid the groundwork for military intervention in politics. The country has witnessed multiple periods of military rule, each with its consequences for political stability. The first significant military ruler was General Ayub Khan, who seized power in 1958 through a coup. His rule, often referred to as the ‘decade of development’ brought economic growth but stifled political freedoms, leading to discontent and eventually his downfall in 1969.

The General Yaha Khan era, as short as three years, was a major turning point in Pakistani foreign and military affairs and in its internal affairs. After a brief political government in........

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