When I told a friend that in my family we do a lot of teasing, he was aghast. He never teased his children, he explained. He viewed teasing as mean, bordering on bullying. It had no place in family life, he said with a tinge of anger.

In fact, I had never experienced teasing in my own family as a child. School and the street, however, were another matter. Here I remember teasing that was hurtful, the kind that made fun of me through derision. It was malicious, its point being to make me feel humiliated. I imagined that this was what my friend had in mind when he ruled out teasing his own children and put a stop to it when he saw his daughters engaging in it with one another.

At its most benign, teasing begins in childhood when adults play peek-a-boo with infants. The negative aspects of teasing increase with a child’s age, from mean and hurtful to symbolic. One study found that “the dominant motivation for the child doing the teasing seemed at every age to be sadistic pleasure in the discomfort of the child being teased, although one sees some playful, benign teasing by late adolescence,” writes Dr. T. R. Warm of the Department of Pediatrics at Case Western University Medical School.

Harms caused by teasing are plain and their sting can remain stuck in our memories, as are mine. The teasing that can be positive is less obvious. Playing peek-a-boo elicits laughter in infants. Teasing, even as we grow older, can take the form of playfulness and serve a pro-social function.

When teasing, it is best to know your audience. At the 2011 White House Correspondence Dinner, then-President Obama teased Donald Trump, who had not yet committed to running for president. The Correspondence Dinner is typically a playful event during which fun is poked at the president and his administration.

But that year, President Obama took the opportunity to roast Mr. Trump, who had been promoting the conspiracy theory that the president hadn’t been born in the United States and therefore had been ineligible to hold the office of president. With Trump in the audience, Obama teased him about his leadership skills, lack of seriousness, promoter of conspiracies, and ego.

Trump was furious, according to reports by fellow politician Chris Christie, and some commentators speculate that it was because of Obama’s teasing that he finally decided to seek the presidency for himself. The president’s remarks, therefore, may have hurt him.

When we tease, we are never quite sure how it will be received. Perhaps Obama’s jokes were meant to get under Trump’s skin, or perhaps he thought Trump would take it in stride as part of the night’s jovial affair. As roast is theoretically designed to be fun—but, like teasing, it can also be used to humiliate.

What about adults who tease children or siblings who tease one another? My friend was right about the need to be cautious in teasing, but his ban on teasing misses how playful teasing can positively strengthen social bonds.

Depending on the context, teasing can either lead to hostile or affiliative outcomes. Teasing is complex and multilayered, found in many different cultures. Because it contains elements of provocation and humor, whether teasing is experienced as enjoyable or hurtful is context-dependent.

Lovers can tease one another and take pleasure in the interactions; a cold parent teasing a child is a different matter. Studies show that frequently the person being teased finds the interaction less agreeable than the teaser. Girls who are teased about their weight by parents and siblings have lower self-esteem than those who are not teased. They also experience higher levels of depression and bulimic behavior.

Researchers Belinda Campos and others found that relative to European Americans, Asian Americans tended to experience teasing as more pleasurable and affirming. Since teasing, by its nature, calls attention to another’s weakness, in a culture that emphasizes individuality, it would threaten self-esteem, while in a culture more attuned to group living, teasing would be experienced as pro-social, Campos reasoned.

Teasing can enhance bonding or inflict psychic wounds; it can bind us closer to others or it can tear us apart. When teasing is done with a good heart, good intentions, and with a smile, it is a social bond. Yet even with these qualities, it can go wrong. A sincere apology is then warranted.

Although teasing can indeed be cruel, a desire to banish it from family life or friendships could be an indicator that something else is awry in the relationship. Then a serious examination of the family or friendship dynamic is warranted and in need of repair. It isn’t teasing that’s the problem but something deeper.

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Is Teasing Always Bad?

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17.02.2024

When I told a friend that in my family we do a lot of teasing, he was aghast. He never teased his children, he explained. He viewed teasing as mean, bordering on bullying. It had no place in family life, he said with a tinge of anger.

In fact, I had never experienced teasing in my own family as a child. School and the street, however, were another matter. Here I remember teasing that was hurtful, the kind that made fun of me through derision. It was malicious, its point being to make me feel humiliated. I imagined that this was what my friend had in mind when he ruled out teasing his own children and put a stop to it when he saw his daughters engaging in it with one another.

At its most benign, teasing begins in childhood when adults play peek-a-boo with infants. The negative aspects of teasing increase with a child’s age, from mean and hurtful to symbolic. One study found that “the dominant motivation for the child doing the teasing seemed at every age to be sadistic pleasure in the discomfort of the child being teased, although one sees some playful, benign teasing by late adolescence,” writes Dr. T. R. Warm of the Department of Pediatrics........

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