Reversing the needle of the clock leads to the tales via which we un­derstand how the societies once crumbled to the dust, rose not only from the ashes but also managed to become the epitome of resil­ience and change. What made their change possible was the socioeconom­ic and political incentives and initiatives — broad-based and long-lasting — created by the state and individuals as well, for good.

Solon was one of the archons of ancient Athens, who via his vi­sions led the common Athenians against the mighty elite to cre­ate an egalitarian society simultaneously making the elite ‘hap­py enough’ so they would not run a rebellious campaign against him within solely a (busy!) year. He — Solon — brought about some sort of liberty in the society, relaxed the monopolies of the elite, broke the cage of norms and created economic and political in­centives to balance the power between the rulers and the ones being ruled.

Another example is from the so-called Western society: the United States of America. After the birth of America as an independent state with thirteen initial counties, the policies and procedures were hard to make though — same as Pakistan faced in the initial years of indepen­dence since we took nine-long-years to present a Constitution — the American revolutionaries like George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison had taken egalitarian incentives to craft policies and frameworks that were and are........

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